以前一來到加油站，不少人都能聞到那股汽油味兒，非常明顯且略有上頭。不知不覺間，加油站里的汽油味兒消失了，有的車主心里直犯嘀咕：現(xiàn)在加油怎么聞不到汽油味兒？是不是油里摻水了？

　　Before, when I arrived at the gas station, many people could smell the smell of gasoline, which was very obvious and slightly intoxicating. Unconsciously, the smell of gasoline in the gas station disappeared, and some car owners were muttering to themselves: Why can't you smell the smell of gasoline when refueling now? Is there water mixed in the oil?

　　這個(gè)問題看似麻煩答案很簡單加油站安裝了油氣回收裝置將加油時(shí)可能逸出的油氣進(jìn)行了有效回收這就是汽油味消失的原因接下來就讓我們一起探尋油氣回收的秘密

　　This question may seem troublesome, but the answer is simple. Gas stations have installed oil and gas recovery devices to effectively recover the oil and gas that may escape during refueling. This is why the smell of gasoline disappears. Let's explore the secret of oil and gas recovery together

　　一、什么是油氣回收

　　1、 What is oil and gas recovery

　　油氣回收，是指將加油站在裝卸汽油和給車輛加油的過程中產(chǎn)生的油氣、油庫揮發(fā)的油氣、裝車鶴管產(chǎn)生的油氣收集起來，通過吸收、吸附或冷凝等工藝中的一種或兩種方法，或減少油氣的污染，或使油氣從氣態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)，重新變?yōu)槠停瑥亩_(dá)到回收利用的目的。

　　Oil and gas recovery refers to the collection of oil and gas generated during the loading and unloading of gasoline and refueling of vehicles at gas stations, volatile oil and gas from oil depots, and oil and gas generated from loading cranes. Through one or two methods such as absorption, adsorption, or condensation, the pollution of oil and gas can be reduced, or the oil and gas can be transformed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then back into gasoline, in order to achieve the purpose of recycling and utilization.

　　油汽回收

　　Oil and gas recovery

　　二、為什么要進(jìn)行油氣回收

　　2、 Why is oil and gas recovery necessary

　　01油氣的定義汽油的主要成分為碳5至碳12的脂肪烴和環(huán)烷烴，飽和蒸氣壓和沸點(diǎn)低，容易氣化，有時(shí)我們用肉眼看到汽油附近有一層蒸騰的霧氣，那就是油氣，一種揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物（VOCs）。

　　The main components of gasoline are fatty hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes ranging from carbon 5 to carbon 12, with low saturation vapor pressure and boiling point, making it easy to vaporize. Sometimes, we can see a layer of evaporated mist near gasoline with the naked eye, which is called gasoline, a volatile organic compound (VOCs).

　　02油氣排放的危害1.影響大氣環(huán)境VOCs是導(dǎo)致城市灰霾和光化學(xué)煙霧的重要前體物，參與大氣環(huán)境中臭氧和二次氣溶膠的形成，其對區(qū)域性大氣臭氧污染、PM2.5污染具有重要影響。

　　02 Hazards of oil and gas emissions 1. Impact on atmospheric environment VOCs are important precursors that cause urban haze and photochemical smog, participate in the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols in the atmospheric environment, and have a significant impact on regional atmospheric ozone pollution and PM2.5 pollution.

　　2.危害人體健康大多數(shù)VOCs具有令人不適的特殊氣味，并具有毒性、刺激性、致畸性和致癌作用，特別是部分苯類物質(zhì)，當(dāng)人大量攝入后，會出現(xiàn)頭痛、惡心、腹痛等癥狀，甚至導(dǎo)致死亡。

　　2. Harm to human health. Most VOCs have an uncomfortable special odor and have toxic, irritating, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects, especially some benzene substances. When ingested in large quantities, symptoms such as headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and even death may occur.

　　3.引發(fā)安全事故烴類VOCs屬于易燃、易爆物質(zhì)，油氣揮發(fā)會產(chǎn)生大量高濃度飽和蒸氣，若遇明火或靜電極易發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故，威脅公共安全。

　　3. Causing safety accidents. Hydrocarbon VOCs are flammable and explosive substances, and the volatilization of oil and gas can produce a large amount of high concentration saturated vapor. If exposed to open flames or static electricity, they are prone to fire and explosion accidents, posing a threat to public safety.

　　4.導(dǎo)致油品損耗石油為不可再生資源，油氣排放會造成油品損耗，產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

　　4. Causing oil loss. Petroleum is a non renewable resource, and oil and gas emissions can cause oil loss, resulting in economic losses.

　　03法律規(guī)定《中華人民共和國大氣污染防治法》第47條規(guī)定：

　　Article 47 of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that:

　　儲油儲氣庫、加油加氣站、原油成品油碼頭、原油成品油運(yùn)輸船舶和油罐車、氣罐車等，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定安裝油氣回收裝置并保持正常使用。

　　Oil and gas storage facilities, refueling stations, crude oil product terminals, crude oil product transportation ships, oil tank trucks, gas tank trucks, etc. shall install oil and gas recovery devices in accordance with relevant national regulations and maintain normal use.

　　三、如何進(jìn)行油氣回收

　　3、 How to carry out oil and gas recovery

　　01油氣回收原理油氣回收分為三個(gè)階段，涉及卸油、加油、儲油三個(gè)過程。

　　The principle of oil and gas recovery is divided into three stages, involving unloading, refueling, and storage.

　　1.一次油氣回收（卸油過程）指通過壓力平衡原理，將在卸油過程中揮發(fā)的油氣收集到油罐車內(nèi)，運(yùn)回儲油庫進(jìn)行油氣回收處理的過程。

　　1. One time oil and gas recovery (unloading process) refers to the process of collecting the evaporated oil and gas during the unloading process into the oil tank truck through the principle of pressure balance, and transporting it back to the oil storage tank for oil and gas recovery treatment.

　　2.二次油氣回收（加油過程）指回收式加油槍改造及油氣回收管線建設(shè)，采用真空輔助式油氣回收設(shè)備，將在加油過程中揮發(fā)的油氣通過地下油氣回收管線收集到地下儲罐內(nèi)的油氣回收過程。圖源：“中國石油”公眾號3.三次油氣回收（儲油過程）指在油品儲存過程中，對儲油罐內(nèi)呼出的油氣進(jìn)行處理，三次油氣回收系統(tǒng)需安裝在已經(jīng)完成二次油氣回收系統(tǒng)改造的加油站。其工作原理為儲油罐內(nèi)油氣壓力達(dá)到三次油氣回收裝置啟動(dòng)條件，三次油氣回收設(shè)備啟動(dòng)，將油罐內(nèi)的油氣轉(zhuǎn)化為液態(tài)回到集液罐或儲油罐中。

　　2. Secondary oil and gas recovery (refueling process) refers to the transformation of a recovery type refueling gun and the construction of oil and gas recovery pipelines. Vacuum assisted oil and gas recovery equipment is used to collect the evaporated oil and gas during the refueling process through underground oil and gas recovery pipelines into underground storage tanks for oil and gas recovery. Source: "PetroChina" official account 3. The third oil and gas recovery (oil storage process) refers to the treatment of the oil and gas exhaled from the oil storage tank during the oil storage process. The third oil and gas recovery system needs to be installed in the gas station that has completed the transformation of the second oil and gas recovery system. Its working principle is that when the oil and gas pressure in the oil storage tank reaches the starting conditions for the third oil and gas recovery device, the third oil and gas recovery equipment starts, converting the oil and gas in the oil tank into liquid and returning it to the collection tank or oil storage tank.

　　目前，深圳市加油站油氣回收過程，主要采用與居民生活息息相關(guān)的二次油氣回收系統(tǒng)。

　　At present, the oil and gas recovery process at gas stations in Shenzhen mainly adopts secondary oil and gas recovery systems that are closely related to residents' lives.

　　02油氣回收系統(tǒng)組成加油站油氣回收系統(tǒng)由卸油油氣回收系統(tǒng)、汽油密閉儲存、加油油氣回收系統(tǒng)、在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)和油氣處理裝置組成。以加油油氣回收系統(tǒng)的加油機(jī)為例，主要包含油氣分離接頭、拉斷閥、油氣回收加油槍、真空泵等設(shè)備。03油氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2020年12月28日，生態(tài)環(huán)境部和國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布了《儲油庫大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 20950—2020）《油品運(yùn)輸大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 20951-2020）《加油站大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 20952—2020）。

　　The 02 oil and gas recovery system consists of an unloading oil and gas recovery system, a gasoline sealed storage system, a refueling oil and gas recovery system, an online monitoring system, and an oil and gas processing device. Taking the refueling machine of the oil and gas recovery system as an example, it mainly includes oil and gas separation joints, break valves, oil and gas recovery refueling guns, vacuum pumps and other equipment. On December 28, 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the State Administration for Market Regulation issued the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks" (GB 20950-2020), "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport" (GB 20951-2020), and "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Gas Stations" (GB 20952-2020).

　　其中，《加油站大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》在“密閉性”“液阻”“氣液比”3項(xiàng)檢測指標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)上，增加了“油氣回收系統(tǒng)密閉點(diǎn)位油氣泄漏”“加油站企業(yè)邊界油氣濃度無組織排放”2項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，其中一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)檢測超標(biāo)的，則判定為不合格，需要對油氣回收系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行檢修或更換。新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施能夠有效降低加油站油氣排放對附近居民的影響。

　　Among them, the "Gas Station Air Pollutant Emission Standards" have added two indicators, "Oil and Gas Leakage at Closed Points of Oil and Gas Recovery Systems" and "Unorganized Emission of Oil and Gas Concentration at Gas Station Enterprise Boundaries", on the basis of three detection indicators: "Sealing", "Liquid Resistance" and "Gas Liquid Ratio". If one of the indicators exceeds the standard, it is judged as unqualified and the oil and gas recovery system needs to be repaired or replaced. The implementation of the new standards can effectively reduce the impact of gas station emissions on nearby residents.

　　到這也許有人會問，油氣回收會吸走油箱的油嗎？答案當(dāng)然是不會，車輛在行駛過程中會產(chǎn)生油氣并聚集到油箱上部。加油時(shí)，加油槍集氣罩可阻擋油氣散發(fā)，集氣罩前端的吸氣孔可將油氣吸走，吸氣孔下方有一個(gè)防溢油裝置—自封口，能夠在碰到油時(shí)自動(dòng)跳槍，所以油氣回收并不會吸走油箱的油。

　　At this point, some people may ask, will oil and gas recovery suck up the oil in the tank? The answer is of course not, as the vehicle generates fuel and gas during operation, which accumulates in the upper part of the fuel tank. When refueling, the gas collecting cover of the refueling gun can block the emission of oil and gas. The suction hole at the front end of the gas collecting cover can suck up the oil and gas. There is an anti overflow device - self sealing - below the suction hole, which can automatically jump off the gun when it touches the oil, so the oil and gas recovery will not suck up the oil in the tank.

　　本文由 加油站三次油氣回收設(shè)備   友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識請點(diǎn)擊  http://www.ralizheng.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the gas station's three times oil and gas recovery equipment For more related knowledge, please click http://www.ralizheng.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.