油氣污染物主要由碳氫等揮發(fā)性有機物組成，許多成分具有致癌作用，并且在空氣中會轉(zhuǎn)化生成臭氧（O3）和細顆粒物（PM2.5），是造成光化學(xué)煙霧、灰霾等大氣污染問題的重要原因。同時，油氣污染物屬于易燃易爆氣體，遇火極易發(fā)生爆炸或火災(zāi)事故。通過油氣污染治理，可以將油氣進行回收和集中處理，進一步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠?，有利于?jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境。

　　Oil and gas pollutants are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, many of which have carcinogenic effects and can be converted into ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air. They are an important cause of atmospheric pollution problems such as photochemical smog and haze. Meanwhile, oil and gas pollutants belong to flammable and explosive gases, which are highly prone to explosions or fire accidents when exposed to fire. Through the treatment of oil and gas pollution, oil and gas can be recovered and centrally processed, further converted into gasoline, which is beneficial for conserving resources and protecting the environment.

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　　油氣回收的政策要求

　　Policy requirements for oil and gas recovery

　　《打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動計劃》《柴油貨車污染治理攻堅戰(zhàn)行動計劃》《重點行業(yè)揮發(fā)性有機物綜合治理方案》《2020年揮發(fā)性有機物治理攻堅方案》等一系列文件均提出加強油品儲運銷VOCs污染治理。

　　A series of documents, including the "Three Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War," "Action Plan for Fighting Diesel Truck Pollution Control," "Comprehensive Management Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries," and "2020 Volatile Organic Compound Control Plan," all propose to strengthen the treatment of VOCs pollution in oil storage, transportation, and sales.

　　2018年發(fā)布的《加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)技術(shù)要求（征求意見稿）》，規(guī)定了汽車加油站在進行油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)安裝建設(shè)時的系統(tǒng)組成、應(yīng)遵循的技術(shù)要求、性能指標(biāo)和安裝要求。適用于加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、安裝、檢驗及驗收的指導(dǎo)，也可用于油氣回收系統(tǒng)的日常運行維護監(jiān)控。

　　The "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring System of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations (Draft for Comments)" released in 2018 specifies the system composition, technical requirements, performance indicators, and installation requirements that should be followed when installing and constructing online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at automobile gas stations. This is a guide for the design, installation, inspection, and acceptance of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations, and can also be used for daily operation, maintenance, and monitoring of oil and gas recovery systems.

　　為進一步推動加油站VOCs減排，出臺了《加油站大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 20952—2020）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)定了加油站在汽油（包括含醇汽油）卸油、儲存、加油過程中油氣排放控制要求、監(jiān)測和監(jiān)督管理要求。加油站汽油系統(tǒng)需配套安裝油氣回收設(shè)施。

　　In order to further promote the reduction of VOCs emissions at gas stations, the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants at Gas Stations" (GB 20952-2020) standard has been issued, which stipulates the requirements for controlling oil and gas emissions during the unloading, storage, and refueling process of gasoline (including alcohol containing gasoline) at gas stations, as well as monitoring and supervision management requirements. The gasoline system at the gas station needs to be equipped with oil and gas recovery facilities.

　　根據(jù)《排污單位自行監(jiān)測技術(shù)指南 儲油庫、加油站》（HJ 1249—2022）的規(guī)定，自2022年1月1日起，依法被確定為重點排污單位的加油站依法依規(guī)應(yīng)當(dāng)安裝使用自動監(jiān)測設(shè)備。這要求重點加油站必須安裝和運行油氣回收在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，以確保油氣回收效率和環(huán)境安全。

　　According to the "Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - Oil Storage Tanks and Gas Stations" (HJ 1249-2022), starting from January 1, 2022, gas stations designated as key pollutant discharge units shall install and use automatic monitoring equipment in accordance with laws and regulations. This requires key gas stations to install and operate oil and gas recovery online monitoring systems to ensure oil and gas recovery efficiency and environmental safety.

　　各地也紛紛響應(yīng)油氣回收建設(shè)要求，如《山東省加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控及聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)要求》規(guī)定，2022年年底前，已與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)的年銷售汽油量大于5000噸（含）的加油站完成聯(lián)網(wǎng)升級改造。推進年銷售汽油量大于3000噸（含）的加油站安裝油氣回收在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，并與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)，2023—2025年，分別至少完成本市加油站保有量30%、30%、40%的聯(lián)網(wǎng)任務(wù)，2025年年底前全部完成。

　　Various regions have also responded to the requirements for oil and gas recovery construction, such as the "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring and Networking of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations in Shandong Province", which stipulates that by the end of 2022, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) that have been connected to the ecological environment department shall complete the network upgrade and renovation. Promote the installation of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations with an annual sales volume of over 3000 tons (including), and connect them with the ecological environment department. From 2023 to 2025, at least 30%, 30%, and 40% of the city's gas station inventory will be connected, and all will be completed by the end of 2025.

　　《湖南省大氣污染防治“守護藍天”攻堅行動計劃（2023—2025年）》提出，到2025年，年銷售汽油量大于5000噸（含）的加油站全面完成油氣回收在線監(jiān)測設(shè)施安裝并聯(lián)網(wǎng)?！稄V東省空氣質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善行動方案》要求到2025年，年銷售汽油量大于（含）2000噸的加油站全部安裝油氣回收自動監(jiān)控設(shè)施并與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

　　The Action Plan for "Guarding Blue Sky" in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Hunan Province (2023-2025) proposes that by 2025, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) of gasoline will fully complete the installation and networking of online monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery. The Action Plan for Continuous Improvement of Air Quality in Guangdong Province requires that by 2025, all gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than (including) 2000 tons of gasoline should install automatic monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery and be connected to the ecological environment department.

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　　加油站油氣回收工作原理

　　Working principle of gas station oil and gas recovery

　　1.卸油過程監(jiān)測

　　1. Monitoring of oil unloading process

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　　在油罐車卸油時，油氣回收系統(tǒng)會將油罐車內(nèi)的油氣通過氣相管道輸送回加油站的地下油罐。在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中的傳感器會監(jiān)測氣相管道內(nèi)的壓力、流量和油氣濃度。例如，根據(jù)伯努利方程，通過監(jiān)測壓力差和流量可以判斷油氣是否正?；厥铡Ｈ绻麎毫Σ钸^小或者流量異常，可能是卸油油氣回收裝置出現(xiàn)故障。

　　When unloading oil from a tanker truck, the oil and gas recovery system will transport the oil and gas inside the tanker truck back to the underground oil tank at the gas station through gas-phase pipelines. The sensors in the online monitoring system will monitor the pressure, flow rate, and oil and gas concentration inside the gas-phase pipeline. For example, according to the Bernoulli equation, monitoring pressure difference and flow rate can determine whether oil and gas are being recovered normally. If the pressure difference is too small or the flow rate is abnormal, it may be a malfunction of the oil and gas recovery device.

　　2.加油過程監(jiān)測

　　2. Monitoring of refueling process

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　　當(dāng)汽車加油時，加油槍的出油動作會同時觸發(fā)油氣回收。油氣通過回收通道被收集到地下油罐或者油氣回收處理設(shè)備中。系統(tǒng)通過流量傳感器監(jiān)測加油量，同時利用壓力和濃度傳感器監(jiān)測回收油氣的狀態(tài)。例如，按照一定的油氣回收比例（如 1:1 的氣液比），當(dāng)加油量為 10 升時，理論上應(yīng)該回收 10 升左右的油氣。如果實際回收量與理論值偏差過大，系統(tǒng)就會發(fā)出警報。

　　When refueling a car, the dispensing action of the fuel gun will simultaneously trigger the recovery of oil and gas. Oil and gas are collected into underground oil tanks or oil and gas recovery and treatment equipment through recovery channels. The system monitors the refueling volume through flow sensors, while using pressure and concentration sensors to monitor the status of recovered oil and gas. For example, according to a certain oil and gas recovery ratio (such as a 1:1 gas-liquid ratio), when the refueling volume is 10 liters, theoretically around 10 liters of oil and gas should be recovered. If the actual recycling amount deviates too much from the theoretical value, the system will issue an alarm.

　　3.儲油過程監(jiān)測

　　3. Monitoring of oil storage process

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　　在儲油階段，主要監(jiān)測地下油罐內(nèi)的壓力和油氣濃度變化。因為溫度變化等因素可能會導(dǎo)致油罐內(nèi)油氣壓力和濃度改變。通過監(jiān)測這些參數(shù)，可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)油罐的密封性能是否良好。如果油罐密封不好，油氣會泄漏，導(dǎo)致油氣濃度下降和壓力異常。

　　During the oil storage stage, the main focus is on monitoring the pressure and changes in oil and gas concentration inside the underground oil tank. Due to factors such as temperature changes, the pressure and concentration of oil and gas inside the oil tank may change. By monitoring these parameters, it is possible to promptly detect whether the sealing performance of the oil tank is good. If the oil tank is not sealed properly, oil and gas will leak, causing a decrease in oil and gas concentration and abnormal pressure.

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　　油氣回收在線監(jiān)控哪些數(shù)據(jù)

　　What data is monitored online for oil and gas recovery

　　1.加油槍監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)

　　1. Monitoring data of fuel gun

　　氣液比

　　Gas-liquid ratio

　　定義與計算：氣液比是指加油時回收的油氣體積與所加燃油體積之比。通過在加油槍和油氣回收管道分別安裝流量傳感器，實時獲取油氣流量和燃油流量，然后計算氣液比。例如，若加油槍燃油流速為30L/min，油氣回收管道油氣流量為36L/min（假設(shè)此時油氣已換算為與燃油相同的體積單位），則氣液比為36÷30 = 1.2。

　　Definition and Calculation: Gas liquid ratio refers to the ratio of the volume of recovered oil and gas to the volume of fuel added during refueling. By installing flow sensors on the refueling gun and oil and gas recovery pipeline respectively, real-time oil and gas flow rates and fuel flow rates can be obtained, and then the gas-liquid ratio can be calculated. For example, if the fuel flow rate of the refueling gun is 30L/min and the oil and gas flow rate of the oil and gas recovery pipeline is 36L/min (assuming that the oil and gas have been converted to the same volume unit as the fuel), then the gas-liquid ratio is 36 ÷ 30=1.2.

　　重要性與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍：氣液比是衡量油氣回收效率的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。正常情況下，其范圍一般在1.0 - 1.2之間。如果氣液比過高，可能是油氣回收系統(tǒng)吸力過大，會對汽車油箱等造成損害；如果氣液比過低，則說明油氣回收不完全，大量油氣會泄漏到大氣中，造成環(huán)境污染和安全隱患。

　　Importance and standard range: Gas liquid ratio is a key indicator for measuring the efficiency of oil and gas recovery. Under normal circumstances, its range is generally between 1.0-1.2. If the gas-liquid ratio is too high, it may be due to excessive suction in the oil and gas recovery system, which can cause damage to the car's fuel tank, etc; If the gas-liquid ratio is too low, it indicates incomplete oil and gas recovery, and a large amount of oil and gas will leak into the atmosphere, causing environmental pollution and safety hazards.

　　油氣流速和油氣流量

　　Oil and gas flow rate and oil and gas flow rate

　　油氣流速：油氣流速是指油氣在油氣回收管道中的流動速度，單位通常為米/秒（m/s）。它與油氣流量密切相關(guān)，并且受到管道直徑、油氣回收泵的功率等因素的影響。例如，在直徑較小的油氣回收管道中，為了保證一定的油氣流量，油氣流速可能會相對較高。

　　Oil and gas flow velocity: Oil and gas flow velocity refers to the flow velocity of oil and gas in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, usually measured in meters per second (m/s). It is closely related to the flow rate of oil and gas, and is influenced by factors such as pipeline diameter and power of oil and gas recovery pumps. For example, in oil and gas recovery pipelines with smaller diameters, in order to ensure a certain oil and gas flow rate, the oil and gas flow velocity may be relatively high.

　　油氣流量：油氣流量是指單位時間內(nèi)通過油氣回收管道的油氣體積，單位為立方米/分鐘（m?/min）或升/分鐘（L/min）。準(zhǔn)確測量油氣流量對于評估油氣回收系統(tǒng)的運行效率至關(guān)重要。在實際監(jiān)測中，通過安裝在油氣回收管道上的流量傳感器來獲取油氣流量數(shù)據(jù)，并且要根據(jù)加油槍的出油情況來判斷油氣流量是否正常。例如，當(dāng)加油槍出油流量為一定值時，油氣流量應(yīng)根據(jù)氣液比要求保持在相應(yīng)的合理范圍內(nèi)。

　　Oil and gas flow rate: Oil and gas flow rate refers to the volume of oil and gas passing through the oil and gas recovery pipeline per unit time, measured in cubic meters per minute (m ?/min) or liters per minute (L/min). Accurately measuring oil and gas flow rate is crucial for evaluating the operational efficiency of oil and gas recovery systems. In actual monitoring, oil and gas flow data is obtained through flow sensors installed on the oil and gas recovery pipeline, and whether the oil and gas flow is normal is judged based on the oil discharge of the refueling gun. For example, when the oil flow rate of the refueling gun is a certain value, the oil and gas flow rate should be maintained within a reasonable range according to the gas-liquid ratio requirements.

　　燃油流速和燃油流量

　　Fuel flow rate and fuel flow rate

　　燃油流速：燃油流速是指燃油從加油槍流出的速度，單位為升/分鐘（L/min）。它主要取決于加油槍的型號和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。不同型號的加油槍燃油流速不同，燃油流速的穩(wěn)定與否也能反映加油槍的工作狀態(tài)是否正常。

　　Fuel flow rate: Fuel flow rate refers to the speed at which fuel flows out of the fuel nozzle, measured in liters per minute (L/min). It mainly depends on the model and internal structure of the fuel gun. The fuel flow rate of different models of refueling guns varies, and the stability of the fuel flow rate can also reflect whether the refueling gun is working properly.

　　燃油流量：燃油流量是指在一定時間內(nèi)從加油槍流出的燃油總體積，單位為升（L）。通過對燃油流量的監(jiān)測，可以準(zhǔn)確計算出加油的總量，用于加油站的油品銷售統(tǒng)計等工作。同時，燃油流量也是計算氣液比的重要參數(shù)之一，與油氣流量配合使用，來評估油氣回收系統(tǒng)的性能。

　　Fuel flow rate: Fuel flow rate refers to the total volume of fuel flowing out of the fuel nozzle within a certain period of time, measured in liters (L). By monitoring the fuel flow rate, the total amount of fuel added can be accurately calculated, which can be used for fuel sales statistics at gas stations. Meanwhile, fuel flow rate is also one of the important parameters for calculating gas-liquid ratio, which is used in conjunction with oil and gas flow rate to evaluate the performance of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　回收油氣濃度

　　Recovery of oil and gas concentration

　　定義與測量方法：回收油氣濃度是指回收的油氣中油氣成分所占的比例，通常用體積分數(shù)（%）或質(zhì)量分數(shù)（g/m?）來表示?？梢酝ㄟ^氣體檢測儀器，如氣相色譜儀或紅外吸收式氣體檢測儀等來測量回收油氣濃度。這些儀器能夠?qū)τ蜌庵械闹饕煞郑ㄈ缣細浠衔铮┻M行分析，從而得出準(zhǔn)確的濃度數(shù)據(jù)。

　　Definition and measurement method: The concentration of recovered oil and gas refers to the proportion of oil and gas components in the recovered oil and gas, usually expressed as volume fraction (%) or mass fraction (g/m ?). The concentration of recovered oil and gas can be measured using gas detection instruments such as gas chromatographs or infrared absorption gas detectors. These instruments can analyze the main components in oil and gas, such as hydrocarbons, to obtain accurate concentration data.

　　作用與影響因素：回收油氣濃度對于評估后處理裝置（如活性炭吸附裝置、冷凝裝置等）的負荷和處理效果很重要。如果回收油氣濃度過高，可能會超出后處理裝置的處理能力，導(dǎo)致處理不完全，使部分油氣排放到大氣中。其濃度受到多種因素的影響，如加油量、汽車油箱內(nèi)原有油氣含量、油氣回收系統(tǒng)的密封性等。

　　Function and influencing factors: The concentration of recovered oil and gas is important for evaluating the load and treatment effect of post-treatment devices (such as activated carbon adsorption devices, condensation devices, etc.). If the concentration of recovered oil and gas is too high, it may exceed the processing capacity of the post-treatment device, resulting in incomplete treatment and partial emission of oil and gas into the atmosphere. Its concentration is influenced by various factors, such as the amount of fuel added, the existing oil and gas content in the car's fuel tank, and the sealing of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　回收油氣溫度

　　Recovery oil and gas temperature

　　影響因素與變化范圍：回收油氣溫度主要受到環(huán)境溫度、油品溫度以及油氣回收過程中的能量轉(zhuǎn)換等因素的影響。一般情況下，回收油氣溫度在環(huán)境溫度到油品溫度之間波動。例如，在夏季高溫環(huán)境下，回收油氣溫度可能會相對較高；而在冬季，溫度則會較低。其溫度范圍可能在 - 20℃到60℃左右，具體取決于加油站所處的地理位置和季節(jié)。

　　Influencing factors and range of variation: The temperature of recovered oil and gas is mainly affected by environmental temperature, oil temperature, and energy conversion during the oil and gas recovery process. In general, the temperature of recovered oil and gas fluctuates between ambient temperature and oil temperature. For example, in high temperature environments during summer, the temperature of recovered oil and gas may be relatively high; In winter, the temperature will be lower. The temperature range may be around -20 ℃ to 60 ℃, depending on the geographical location and season of the gas station.

　　對系統(tǒng)的影響：回收油氣溫度會影響油氣的物理性質(zhì)，如密度和體積，進而影響油氣流量和油氣回收效率。較高的溫度會使油氣體積膨脹，可能導(dǎo)致油氣回收管道內(nèi)壓力升高；同時，溫度也會對后處理裝置的運行產(chǎn)生影響，如在活性炭吸附過程中，溫度過高可能會降低吸附效果。

　　The impact on the system: The temperature of the recovered oil and gas will affect the physical properties of the oil and gas, such as density and volume, which in turn will affect the oil and gas flow rate and oil and gas recovery efficiency. Higher temperatures can cause the volume of oil and gas to expand, which may lead to an increase in pressure inside the oil and gas recovery pipeline; At the same time, temperature can also affect the operation of the post-treatment device. For example, during the adsorption process of activated carbon, excessive temperature may reduce the adsorption effect.

　　液阻

　　Liquid resistance

　　定義與測量方式：液阻是指油氣回收管道內(nèi)由于液體（如油品或冷凝水）積聚對油氣流動產(chǎn)生的阻力。通常通過在油氣回收管道中設(shè)置壓力傳感器，在一定的油氣流量下（如30L/min），測量管道兩端的壓力差來判斷液阻大小。例如，當(dāng)壓力差超過規(guī)定值（如4.5kPa）時，判定為液阻過大。

　　Definition and measurement method: Liquid resistance refers to the resistance caused by the accumulation of liquid (such as oil or condensate) in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to the flow of oil and gas. Usually, pressure sensors are installed in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to measure the pressure difference at both ends of the pipeline at a certain oil and gas flow rate (such as 30L/min) to determine the size of the liquid resistance. For example, when the pressure difference exceeds the specified value (such as 4.5kPa), it is judged as excessive liquid resistance.

　　危害與解決措施：液阻過大會阻礙油氣的正?；厥眨瑢?dǎo)致油氣不能順利回到油罐，從而造成油氣泄漏。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)液阻過大，需要檢查油氣回收管道是否存在積水、油品積聚或其他堵塞物，及時清理管道以降低液阻，保證油氣回收系統(tǒng)的正常運行。

　　Hazards and solutions: Excessive liquid resistance can hinder the normal recovery of oil and gas, resulting in the inability of oil and gas to return to the oil tank smoothly, leading to oil and gas leakage. If excessive liquid resistance is found, it is necessary to check whether there is water accumulation, oil accumulation or other blockages in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, and clean the pipeline in a timely manner to reduce liquid resistance and ensure the normal operation of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　加油槍狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)

　　Fuel gun status data

　　監(jiān)測加油槍的關(guān)?；騿⒂脮r間對于加油站的運營管理和安全很重要?？梢詼?zhǔn)確記錄每一次加油的開始時間和結(jié)束時間，從而統(tǒng)計加油的時長、頻率等信息。同時，這也有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)異常的加油操作，比如加油槍長時間未關(guān)閉等情況。

　　Monitoring the shutdown or activation time of fuel guns is crucial for the operational management and safety of gas stations. It is possible to accurately record the start and end times of each refueling, in order to calculate the duration, frequency, and other information of refueling. At the same time, this also helps to detect abnormal refueling operations, such as situations where the refueling gun has not been turned off for a long time.

　　2.環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)

　　2. Environmental data

　　油罐壓力

　　Oil tank pressure

　　數(shù)據(jù)重要性：油罐壓力是油氣回收系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)。油罐壓力的變化直接反映了油罐內(nèi)油氣狀態(tài)和整個油氣回收系統(tǒng)的平衡情況。如果油罐壓力過高，可能會導(dǎo)致油罐破裂，引發(fā)嚴重的油品泄漏和安全事故；而壓力過低則可能使油罐被吸癟，損壞油罐結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Data importance: Tank pressure is a critical environmental data in oil and gas recovery systems. The change in oil tank pressure directly reflects the state of oil and gas inside the tank and the balance of the entire oil and gas recovery system. If the pressure in the oil tank is too high, it may cause the tank to rupture, leading to serious oil leakage and safety accidents; If the pressure is too low, it may cause the oil tank to collapse and damage its structure.

　　正常范圍及影響因素：正常情況下，油罐壓力一般在 - 0.3kPa到6kPa之間波動。其壓力受到油品進出量、溫度變化、油氣回收速度等多種因素的影響。例如，在卸油過程中，隨著油品快速注入油罐，罐內(nèi)油氣被壓縮，壓力會升高；當(dāng)外界溫度升高時，罐內(nèi)油氣膨脹，壓力也會增大。

　　Normal range and influencing factors: Under normal circumstances, the pressure of the oil tank generally fluctuates between -0.3kPa and 6kPa. Its pressure is influenced by various factors such as the inflow and outflow of oil products, temperature changes, and the speed of oil and gas recovery. For example, during the unloading process, as the oil is rapidly injected into the tank, the oil and gas inside the tank are compressed, and the pressure will increase; When the external temperature rises, the oil and gas inside the tank expand, and the pressure also increases.

　　監(jiān)控目的：通過在線監(jiān)控油罐壓力，可以實時掌握油罐的安全狀態(tài)。當(dāng)壓力接近或超出設(shè)定的安全范圍時，系統(tǒng)能夠及時發(fā)出警報，提醒工作人員采取措施，如調(diào)整油氣回收速度、檢查油罐通氣系統(tǒng)等，以確保油罐的安全和油氣回收系統(tǒng)的正常運行。

　　Monitoring purpose: By monitoring the pressure of the oil tank online, the safety status of the tank can be monitored in real time. When the pressure approaches or exceeds the set safety range, the system can issue an alarm in a timely manner to remind the staff to take measures, such as adjusting the oil and gas recovery speed, checking the oil tank ventilation system, etc., to ensure the safety of the oil tank and the normal operation of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　液阻壓力

　　Liquid resistance pressure

　　數(shù)據(jù)重要性：液阻壓力是指油氣回收管道內(nèi)由于液體（如油品或冷凝水）積聚對油氣流動產(chǎn)生的阻力所對應(yīng)的壓力。液阻壓力過大意味著油氣回收管道可能存在堵塞問題，這會阻礙油氣的正?；厥?，導(dǎo)致油氣泄漏。

　　Data importance: Liquid resistance pressure refers to the pressure corresponding to the resistance caused by the accumulation of liquid (such as oil or condensate) in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to the flow of oil and gas. Excessive hydraulic resistance pressure means that there may be blockage in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, which can hinder the normal recovery of oil and gas and lead to oil and gas leakage.

　　測量及判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：通常在油氣回收管道中設(shè)置壓力傳感器，在一定的油氣流量下（如30L/min），測量管道兩端的壓力差來判斷液阻壓力是否正常。當(dāng)這個壓力差超過規(guī)定值（如4.5kPa）時，判定為液阻過大。

　　Measurement and judgment criteria: Pressure sensors are usually installed in oil and gas recovery pipelines to measure the pressure difference at both ends of the pipeline at a certain oil and gas flow rate (such as 30L/min) to determine whether the hydraulic resistance pressure is normal. When the pressure difference exceeds the specified value (such as 4.5kPa), it is judged as excessive liquid resistance.

　　監(jiān)控目的：對液阻壓力進行在線監(jiān)控，可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)油氣回收管道的堵塞情況。一旦液阻壓力異常升高，工作人員能夠及時清理管道內(nèi)的積液，檢查管道的排水設(shè)施，確保油氣回收管道的暢通，提高油氣回收效率，減少油氣泄漏風(fēng)險。

　　Monitoring purpose: Online monitoring of hydraulic resistance pressure can promptly detect blockages in oil and gas recovery pipelines. Once the hydraulic resistance pressure rises abnormally, the staff can promptly clean the accumulated liquid in the pipeline, inspect the drainage facilities of the pipeline, ensure the smooth flow of the oil and gas recovery pipeline, improve the efficiency of oil and gas recovery, and reduce the risk of oil and gas leakage.

　　油氣空間（油罐內(nèi)）

　　Oil and gas space (inside the oil tank)

　　數(shù)據(jù)重要性：油罐內(nèi)的油氣空間大小影響著油氣的壓力、濃度等參數(shù)。它與油品的存儲量、油罐的大小以及油氣的產(chǎn)生和回收情況密切相關(guān)。了解油氣空間有助于準(zhǔn)確評估油罐內(nèi)的油氣狀態(tài)和潛在的安全風(fēng)險。

　　Data importance: The size of the oil and gas space inside the oil tank affects parameters such as pressure and concentration of the oil and gas. It is closely related to the storage capacity of oil products, the size of oil tanks, and the production and recovery of oil and gas. Understanding the oil and gas space helps to accurately assess the oil and gas status and potential safety risks inside the oil tank.

　　計算與影響因素：油氣空間可以通過油罐的總體積減去油品體積來計算。其大小受到油品的進出、溫度變化引起的體積變化等因素的影響。例如，在高溫環(huán)境下，油品體積膨脹，油氣空間相對減??；而在卸油過程中，隨著油品的增加，油氣空間也會相應(yīng)減小。

　　Calculation and influencing factors: The oil and gas space can be calculated by subtracting the volume of oil products from the total volume of the oil tank. Its size is affected by factors such as the inflow and outflow of oil, volume changes caused by temperature changes, etc. For example, in high temperature environments, the volume of oil expands and the oil and gas space relatively decreases; During the unloading process, as the amount of oil increases, the oil and gas space will also decrease accordingly.

　　監(jiān)控目的：通過監(jiān)控油氣空間，工作人員可以更好地掌握油罐內(nèi)的油氣動態(tài)。結(jié)合其他環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)（如油罐壓力、油氣濃度），可以提前預(yù)測可能出現(xiàn)的安全問題，如油氣空間過小可能導(dǎo)致壓力急劇上升，從而采取相應(yīng)的措施，如控制卸油速度、加強油氣回收等。

　　Monitoring purpose: By monitoring the oil and gas space, staff can better grasp the oil and gas dynamics inside the oil tank. By combining other environmental data such as tank pressure and oil and gas concentration, potential safety issues can be predicted in advance. For example, a small oil and gas space may lead to a sharp increase in pressure, and corresponding measures can be taken, such as controlling the unloading speed and strengthening oil and gas recovery.

　　卸油區(qū)油氣濃度

　　Oil and gas concentration in the unloading area

　　數(shù)據(jù)重要性：卸油區(qū)油氣濃度是反映卸油過程中油氣泄漏情況的重要指標(biāo)。高濃度的油氣在卸油區(qū)聚集，不僅會對環(huán)境造成污染，還存在較大的安全隱患，因為油氣遇到火源很容易引發(fā)火災(zāi)或爆炸。

　　Data importance: The concentration of oil and gas in the unloading area is an important indicator reflecting the leakage of oil and gas during the unloading process. High concentrations of oil and gas accumulate in the unloading area, which not only pollutes the environment but also poses significant safety hazards, as oil and gas can easily cause fires or explosions when exposed to a source of fire.

　　正常范圍及測量方法：卸油區(qū)油氣濃度一般應(yīng)低于當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保和安全規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，例如，油氣濃度應(yīng)控制在爆炸下限的一定比例以下（通常為25%左右）。可以使用氣體檢測儀器，如可燃氣體檢測儀來實時測量卸油區(qū)的油氣濃度。

　　Normal range and measurement method: The oil and gas concentration in the unloading area should generally be lower than the local environmental and safety regulations. For example, the oil and gas concentration should be controlled below a certain proportion of the lower explosive limit (usually around 25%). Gas detection instruments, such as combustible gas detectors, can be used to measure the concentration of oil and gas in the unloading area in real time.

　　監(jiān)控目的：對卸油區(qū)油氣濃度進行在線監(jiān)控，能夠及時發(fā)現(xiàn)卸油過程中的油氣泄漏情況。當(dāng)濃度超過安全閾值時，系統(tǒng)會發(fā)出警報，工作人員可以立即停止卸油操作，檢查卸油設(shè)備和油氣回收系統(tǒng)的密封性，采取通風(fēng)等措施降低油氣濃度，確保卸油區(qū)的安全。

　　Monitoring purpose: To monitor the oil and gas concentration in the unloading area online, and to promptly detect oil and gas leaks during the unloading process. When the concentration exceeds the safety threshold, the system will issue an alarm, and the staff can immediately stop the oil unloading operation, check the sealing of the oil unloading equipment and oil and gas recovery system, take ventilation and other measures to reduce the oil and gas concentration, and ensure the safety of the oil unloading area.

　　后處理裝置排放濃度

　　Emission concentration of post-treatment device

　　數(shù)據(jù)重要性：后處理裝置排放濃度直接反映了油氣回收后處理的效果。如果后處理裝置排放濃度過高，說明油氣處理不完全，會導(dǎo)致大量油氣排放到大氣中，對環(huán)境造成污染，違反環(huán)保法規(guī)。

　　Data importance: The emission concentration of the post-treatment device directly reflects the effectiveness of oil and gas recovery post-treatment. If the emission concentration of the post-treatment device is too high, it indicates incomplete oil and gas treatment, which will lead to a large amount of oil and gas emissions into the atmosphere, causing pollution to the environment and violating environmental regulations.

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及檢測手段：后處理裝置排放濃度應(yīng)符合國家和地方的環(huán)保排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，例如，排放口的油氣濃度一般要求低于25g/m??？梢酝ㄟ^安裝在排放口的氣體檢測儀器，如催化燃燒式檢測儀等進行檢測。

　　Standards and testing methods: The emission concentration of the post-treatment device should comply with national and local environmental emission standards. For example, the oil and gas concentration at the discharge outlet is generally required to be less than 25g/m?. It can be detected through gas detection instruments installed at the exhaust outlet, such as catalytic combustion detectors.

　　監(jiān)控目的：在線監(jiān)控后處理裝置排放濃度，有助于及時發(fā)現(xiàn)后處理裝置的故障或處理效果不佳的情況。當(dāng)排放濃度超標(biāo)時，能夠提醒工作人員對后處理裝置進行維護、調(diào)整或更換，確保油氣經(jīng)過處理后達標(biāo)排放，減少對大氣環(huán)境的污染。

　　Monitoring purpose: Online monitoring of the emission concentration of the post-treatment device helps to timely detect faults or poor treatment effects of the post-treatment device. When the emission concentration exceeds the standard, it can remind the staff to maintain, adjust or replace the post-treatment device to ensure that the oil and gas are discharged in compliance after treatment, reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment.

　　油氣溫度

　　Oil and gas temperature

　　數(shù)據(jù)重要性：油氣溫度會影響油氣的物理性質(zhì)，如密度、體積和蒸氣壓等。這些物理性質(zhì)的變化又會對油罐壓力、油氣流量和油氣回收效率等產(chǎn)生影響。例如，較高的油氣溫度會使油氣體積膨脹，可能導(dǎo)致油罐壓力升高，同時也會影響油氣回收管道內(nèi)的壓力和流量。

　　Data importance: Oil and gas temperature can affect the physical properties of oil and gas, such as density, volume, and vapor pressure. These changes in physical properties will also have an impact on oil tank pressure, oil and gas flow rate, and oil and gas recovery efficiency. For example, higher oil and gas temperatures can cause the volume of oil and gas to expand, which may lead to an increase in tank pressure and also affect the pressure and flow rate inside the oil and gas recovery pipeline.

　　變化范圍及影響因素：油氣溫度的變化范圍通常與環(huán)境溫度和油品溫度有關(guān)，一般在 - 20℃到60℃左右。其主要受季節(jié)變化、油品溫度、太陽輻射等因素的影響。在夏季，油氣溫度可能較高；而在冬季，溫度則較低。

　　Change range and influencing factors: The change range of oil and gas temperature is usually related to the ambient temperature and oil temperature, generally around -20 ℃ to 60 ℃. It is mainly affected by factors such as seasonal changes, oil temperature, and solar radiation. In summer, oil and gas temperatures may be higher; In winter, the temperature is lower.

　　監(jiān)控目的：通過在線監(jiān)控油氣溫度，可以更好地理解油氣的狀態(tài)變化。結(jié)合其他環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)（如油罐壓力、油氣流量），可以提前預(yù)測和預(yù)防可能出現(xiàn)的問題，如在高溫環(huán)境下提前采取措施防止油罐壓力過高，或者在低溫環(huán)境下注意防止油氣中的某些成分凝結(jié)而堵塞管道。

　　Monitoring purpose: By monitoring the temperature of oil and gas online, we can better understand the changes in the state of oil and gas. By combining other environmental data such as tank pressure and oil and gas flow rate, possible problems can be predicted and prevented in advance, such as taking measures to prevent excessive tank pressure in high-temperature environments, or paying attention to preventing certain components in oil and gas from condensing and blocking pipelines in low-temperature environments.

　　3.報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　3. Alarm data

　　氣液比報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Gas liquid ratio alarm data

　　當(dāng)計算得出的氣液比超出預(yù)設(shè)范圍（如小于1.0或大于1.2）時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、加油槍編號、當(dāng)時的加油流量和油氣回收流量等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)有助于工作人員快速定位問題加油槍，判斷是加油設(shè)備故障還是油氣回收系統(tǒng)故障。

　　When the calculated gas-liquid ratio exceeds the preset range (such as less than 1.0 or greater than 1.2), the system records data such as alarm time, fuel gun number, current fuel flow rate, and oil and gas recovery flow rate. These data help staff quickly locate problematic fuel guns and determine whether it is a malfunction in the refueling equipment or the oil and gas recovery system.

　　密閉性報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Sealing alarm data

　　油氣回收系統(tǒng)密閉性測試不達標(biāo)時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、壓力下降數(shù)據(jù)（如在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)壓力下降超過500Pa）以及測試時的系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)（如是否正在進行卸油或加油操作）。這些數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助排查系統(tǒng)泄漏點，因為泄漏可能發(fā)生在管道連接部位、閥門或設(shè)備密封處等。

　　When the airtightness test of the oil and gas recovery system fails to meet the standard, the system records the alarm time, pressure drop data (such as pressure drop exceeding 500Pa within the specified time), and the system status during the test (such as whether unloading or refueling operations are in progress). These data can help identify system leakage points, as leaks may occur at pipeline connections, valve or equipment seals, etc.

　　液阻報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Liquid resistance alarm data

　　當(dāng)油氣回收管道液阻超過規(guī)定值（如在30L/min的油氣流量下，管道兩端壓力差大于4.5kPa）時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、管道位置（如靠近油罐端還是加油槍端）、當(dāng)時的油氣流量等數(shù)據(jù)。這有助于確定液阻產(chǎn)生的具體位置，可能是由于管道積水、油品積聚或其他堵塞物導(dǎo)致。

　　When the liquid resistance of the oil and gas recovery pipeline exceeds the specified value (such as when the pressure difference between the two ends of the pipeline is greater than 4.5kPa at an oil and gas flow rate of 30L/min), the system records the alarm time, pipeline position (such as near the oil tank end or the refueling gun end), and the oil and gas flow rate at that time. This helps determine the specific location of liquid resistance, which may be caused by pipeline water accumulation, oil accumulation, or other blockages.

　　油罐壓力報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Oil tank pressure alarm data

　　油罐壓力超過上限（如6kPa）或低于下限（如 - 0.3kPa）時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、壓力極值、當(dāng)時油品進出情況（如是否在卸油或加油）等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助分析油罐壓力異常的原因，例如卸油速度過快導(dǎo)致壓力過高，或者油罐通氣閥故障導(dǎo)致壓力過低。

　　When the pressure of the oil tank exceeds the upper limit (such as 6kPa) or falls below the lower limit (such as -0.3kPa), the system records data such as alarm time, extreme pressure, and the inflow and outflow of oil products at that time (such as whether unloading or refueling is in progress). These data can help analyze the causes of abnormal pressure in oil tanks, such as excessive unloading speed leading to high pressure, or tank vent valve failure leading to low pressure.

　　油罐零壓報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Zero pressure alarm data for oil tanks

　　當(dāng)油罐內(nèi)壓力接近0kPa時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、壓力變化趨勢（是逐漸趨近還是突然達到零壓）等數(shù)據(jù)。這有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)油罐壓力平衡機制是否出現(xiàn)問題，如油氣回收系統(tǒng)和油罐通氣系統(tǒng)之間的協(xié)調(diào)故障。

　　When the pressure inside the oil tank approaches 0kPa, the system records data such as alarm time and pressure change trend (whether it gradually approaches or suddenly reaches zero pressure). This helps to identify whether there are issues with the pressure balance mechanism of the oil tank, such as coordination failures between the oil and gas recovery system and the tank ventilation system.

　　壓力/真空閥狀態(tài)報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Pressure/vacuum valve status alarm data

　　當(dāng)壓力/真空閥不能正常開啟或關(guān)閉時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、閥門位置（如開啟還是關(guān)閉狀態(tài)異常）、油罐當(dāng)時的壓力情況等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)有助于判斷閥門故障的類型，是機械故障（如閥瓣卡住）還是壓力傳感器故障導(dǎo)致的誤判。

　　When the pressure/vacuum valve cannot be opened or closed normally, the system records the alarm time, valve position (such as abnormal opening or closing status), and the pressure situation of the oil tank at that time. These data help to determine the type of valve failure, whether it is a mechanical fault (such as valve disc jamming) or a misjudgment caused by pressure sensor failure.

　　壓力/真空閥臨界壓力狀態(tài)報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Pressure/Vacuum Valve Critical Pressure Status Alarm Data

　　當(dāng)壓力/真空閥接近其開啟壓力（如正壓5kPa左右）或真空值（如負壓 - 0.2kPa左右）時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、當(dāng)前壓力/真空閥的壓力值、油罐內(nèi)壓力變化趨勢等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)可以提前預(yù)警油罐壓力可能出現(xiàn)的異常變化，讓工作人員及時采取措施。

　　When the pressure/vacuum valve approaches its opening pressure (such as positive pressure of about 5kPa) or vacuum value (such as negative pressure of about 0.2kPa), the system records data such as alarm time, current pressure/vacuum valve pressure value, and pressure change trend inside the oil tank. These data can provide early warning of possible abnormal changes in oil tank pressure, allowing staff to take timely measures.

　　后處理裝置狀態(tài)報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Post processing device status alarm data

　　當(dāng)后處理裝置出現(xiàn)風(fēng)機故障（如轉(zhuǎn)速為0r/min）、溫度過高（如超過50℃）或吸附劑飽和等情況時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、裝置類型（如活性炭吸附裝置）、具體故障參數(shù)（如風(fēng)機停止時間、最高溫度值）等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)有助于維修人員快速定位后處理裝置的故障點，進行針對性維修。

　　When the post-processing device experiences fan failure (such as a speed of 0r/min), high temperature (such as exceeding 50 ℃), or adsorbent saturation, the system records alarm time, device type (such as activated carbon adsorption device), specific fault parameters (such as fan stop time, maximum temperature value), and other data. These data help maintenance personnel quickly locate the fault point of the post-processing device and carry out targeted repairs.

　　后處理裝置排放濃度報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Post processing device emission concentration alarm data

　　當(dāng)后處理裝置排放口的油氣濃度超過規(guī)定排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如25g/m?）時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、排放濃度值、當(dāng)時的油氣處理流量等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助評估后處理裝置的處理效果，以及是否需要對裝置進行維護或調(diào)整。

　　When the oil and gas concentration at the discharge outlet of the post-treatment device exceeds the prescribed emission standard (such as 25g/m? ）At that time, the system records data such as alarm time, emission concentration value, and oil and gas processing flow rate at that time. These data can help evaluate the processing effectiveness of the post-processing device and determine whether maintenance or adjustment of the device is necessary.

　　卸油回氣管狀態(tài)報警數(shù)據(jù)

　　Unloading oil return pipe status alarm data

　　當(dāng)卸油回氣管出現(xiàn)堵塞、斷開或者壓力、流量異常時，系統(tǒng)記錄報警時間、管道狀態(tài)（如堵塞位置）、當(dāng)時的卸油情況（如卸油速度、油罐壓力）等數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)有助于排查卸油回氣管的故障，確保卸油過程中的油氣回收。

　　When the oil discharge return pipe is blocked, disconnected, or experiences abnormal pressure or flow, the system records data such as alarm time, pipeline status (such as blockage location), and the unloading situation at that time (such as unloading speed, tank pressure). These data are helpful in troubleshooting faults in the oil discharge return pipe and ensuring the recovery of oil and gas during the unloading process.

　　4.故障數(shù)據(jù)

　　4. Fault data

　　設(shè)備故障數(shù)據(jù)

　　Equipment malfunction data

　　記錄油氣回收系統(tǒng)中各種設(shè)備（如加油槍、油氣回收泵、后處理裝置中的風(fēng)機和泵等）的故障情況。包括故障設(shè)備名稱、故障代碼（如果有）、故障發(fā)生時間、故障恢復(fù)時間等。例如，加油槍的自封裝置故障，系統(tǒng)會記錄故障加油槍編號、故障發(fā)生的具體時間，以及維修后恢復(fù)正常的時間。

　　Record the malfunctions of various equipment in the oil and gas recovery system, such as refueling guns, oil and gas recovery pumps, fans and pumps in the post-treatment device, etc. Including the name of the faulty equipment, fault code (if any), time of fault occurrence, time of fault recovery, etc. For example, if the self sealing device of a fuel gun malfunctions, the system will record the faulty fuel gun number, the specific time when the malfunction occurred, and the time it took to restore normal operation after repair.

　　通信故障數(shù)據(jù)

　　Communication fault data

　　油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)與各個傳感器或設(shè)備之間的通信可能會出現(xiàn)故障。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)通信中斷時，系統(tǒng)記錄通信故障發(fā)生時間、涉及的設(shè)備或傳感器（如某個油罐的壓力傳感器）、通信恢復(fù)時間等數(shù)據(jù)。這有助于確保監(jiān)控數(shù)據(jù)的完整性和準(zhǔn)確性，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)通信鏈路中的問題。

　　The communication between the oil and gas recovery online monitoring system and various sensors or devices may malfunction. When communication interruption occurs, the system records data such as the time of communication failure, the equipment or sensors involved (such as a pressure sensor of a certain oil tank), and the time of communication recovery. This helps ensure the integrity and accuracy of monitoring data, and promptly identify issues in the communication link.

　　傳感器故障數(shù)據(jù)

　　Sensor malfunction data

　　壓力傳感器、流量傳感器、濃度傳感器等可能會出現(xiàn)故障。系統(tǒng)記錄傳感器故障類型（如零點漂移、信號中斷等）、故障發(fā)生時間、故障傳感器位置（如某一管道上的流量傳感器）等數(shù)據(jù)。傳感器故障可能會導(dǎo)致監(jiān)控數(shù)據(jù)失真，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理傳感器故障對于系統(tǒng)的正常運行至關(guān)重要。

　　Pressure sensors, flow sensors, concentration sensors, etc. may malfunction. The system records data such as the type of sensor failure (such as zero drift, signal interruption, etc.), the time of occurrence of the failure, and the location of the faulty sensor (such as a flow sensor on a pipeline). Sensor failures may cause distortion of monitoring data, and timely detection and handling of sensor failures is crucial for the normal operation of the system.

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